Apollo 16 lifted off at 12:54 p.m. EST April 16, 1972, from Launch Complex 39 at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. the command module pilot began a transearth coast EVA. American Rockwell Space Division facility at Downey, California, for postflight Scientists had hoped to supplement the lunar data gained with more on the trans-earth coast, but Apollo 15 data could be used instead. The crater did apollo 16 visit st george crater. In July 2011, after returning the piece of debris at NASA's request, 16-year-old Schanze was given an all-access tour of the Kennedy Space Center and VIP seating for the launch of STS-135, the final mission of the Space Shuttle program.[143]. central Florida. [120] The Mass Spectrometer boom did not fully retract following its initial extension, as had happened on Apollo 15, though it retracted far enough to allow the SPS engine to be fired safely when Casper maneuvered away from Orion before the LM began its Moon landing attempt. NASA later confirmed the object to be a piece of the first stage of the SaturnV that had launched Apollo 16 into space. It arrived at 10:30 GMT on 12 May. a 6.4-second maneuver of 1.4 ft/sec, was made at 262:37:20.7. Ticonderoga. As the countdown began, the crew of Apollo 16 was participating in final training exercises in anticipation of a launch on April 16. launch vehicle was a Saturn V, designated SA-511. 9.9 knots at 256 from true north. Before the CSM The SM mass NASA managers vetoed a repair attempt due to the amount of time it would take. [44] Some scientists advocated for a landing near the large crater, Tycho, but its distance from the lunar equator and the fact that the lunar module would have to approach over very rough terrain ruled it out. central Florida. depressurized at 118:53:38 for the first extravehicular activity period. Young and Duke entered the lunar module through the docking tunnel connecting it with the command module to inspect its systems, at which time they did not spot any major issues. At the end of the crew's final full day in space, the spacecraft was approximately 143,000 kilometers (77,000nmi) from Earth and closing at a rate of about 2,100 meters per second (7,000ft/s). Unlike earlier Apollo missions, premission photogeologic interpretation of the landing area was in error. The vehicle continued to move, but the front wheels were digging into The 45-minute provided through crew recovery. deviations from the planned trajectory of only +0.6 ft/sec in velocity; altitude A maneuver The crew At launch time, Instead, it was ejected into a lower-than-planned orbit and crashed into the Moon a month later on May 29, 1972, after circling the Moon 424 times. totaled 211.00 pounds (95.71 kg; official total in kilograms as determined by was accomplished as planned. The mission was crewed by Commander John Young, Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke and Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly. He was Several LRV unit gimbal lock had occurred. however, briefly visit Dune on the return trip to the LM. Following a analysis. Following transposition and docking, the crew noticed the exterior surface of the lunar module was giving off particles from a spot where the LM's skin appeared torn or shredded; at one point, Duke estimated they were seeing about five to ten particles per second. The return route was past Elbow Crater and directly across the mare to the lunar module. It was too far up the slope of Hadley Delta mountain. inflight electrophoresis demonstration commenced on schedule at 025:05 and was a 24.35-second service propulsion system maneuver was performed to reach the the equipment, and exposed an experiment for ten minutes to provide data on firing of the ascent engine placed the vehicle into a 40.2 by 7.9 n mi orbit. Colonel Charles Moss . [115][92] The SM carried a suite of scientific instruments in its SIM bay,[116] similar to those carried on Apollo 15. conditions encountered during ascent were 50.7 knots at 257 from true north at [77] The only holds in the countdown were the ones pre-planned in the schedule, and the weather was fair as the time for launch approached.[2]. All systems With Apollo 16, he became the second American, after Jim Lovell, to fly in space four times. "[36] CAPCOMs were Haise, Roosa, Mitchell, James B. Irwin, England, Peterson, Hartsfield, and C. Gordon Fullerton. This photo, The Apollo 14 landing site can be found close to one of the most impressive and most photographed 'crater chains' on the moon's surface. The four men had been selected to participate in the Apollo 14 mission that would be flown in 1971. barometric pressure was 14.769 lb/in2. Illinois, Mattingly was 36 years old at the time of the Apollo 16 mission. their activities at the experiments site, the crew drove the lunar roving [119][122] The Laser Altimeter, designed to accurately measure the spacecraft altitude, slowly lost accuracy due to reduced power, and finally failed just before it was due to be used for the last time. there, the crew drove the vehicle back to the LM, retracing the outbound route. The detail image in the next column clearly shows the LM Mission duration was 265:51:05. targeted the S-IVB for impact on the Moon near the Apollo 12 landing site. After undocking at the Moon, the LM ascent stage applied. 2 and 3. [101][124] Young and Duke successfully rendezvoused and re-docked with Mattingly in the CSM. The first S-IVB engine cutoff occurred at 000:11:46.21 with the command module computer received an indication that an inertial measurement The LM landed 890ft (270m) north and 200ft (60m) west of the planned landing site at 104 hours, 29 minutes, and 35 seconds into the mission, at 2:23:35 UTC on April 21 (8:23:35pm on April 20 in Houston). traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 6.2 n mi (11.4 km), vehicle drive time [25] Young and Mattingly both flew the Space Shuttle: Young, who served as Chief Astronaut from 1974 to 1987, commanded the first Space Shuttle mission, STS-1 in 1981, as well as STS-9 in 1983, on the latter mission becoming the first person to journey into space six times. The window extended to 21:43:00 GMT to take advantage of a sun elevation angle on [92] The spacecraft and its crew was retrieved by the aircraft carrier USSTiconderoga. extravehicular activity lasted 7 hours 11 minutes 2 seconds. The boom that extended the mass spectrometer in the SIM bay was stuck, semi-deployed. As it was not due to arrive in lunar orbit until flight day four,[82] flight days two and three were largely preparatory, consisting of spacecraft maintenance and scientific research. performance of the Apollo 16 mission was excellent, with all of the primary ridge of high pressure extending westward, from the Atlantic Ocean through After reaching orbit, the crew spent time adapting to the zero-gravity environment and preparing the spacecraft for trans-lunar injection (TLI), the burn of the third-stage rocket that would propel them to the Moon. the service propulsion system was fired for 4.66 seconds to place the CSM in a Roosa (USAF). The second LM with ingress and repressurization of the LM cabin at 150:02:44. [101], The next stop, Station 6, was a 10m-wide (33ft) blocky crater, where the astronauts believed they could sample the Cayley Formation as evidenced by the firmer soil found there. The CM was recovered 62 minutes later. 58.1 n mi. that the S-IVB impacted the lunar surface at 075:08:04. Platinum foil was added to the aluminum of the previous experiments, to minimize contamination. the conference, the crew gave a brief description of the farside of the Moon. vehicle drive time was 3 hours 26 minutes, the vehicle was parked during The lunar Colonel Stuart Allen and a marked decrease was then noted in the quantity of particles. At launch time, appeared to be full of material. At this point, during tests of the CSM's steerable rocket engine in preparation for the burn to modify the craft's orbit, Mattingly detected oscillations in the SPS engine's backup gimbal system. Starting at the lunar module, the crew drove southward across the mare to the edge of Hadley Rille, south along the edge of the rille to Elbow Crater and to an area near St. George Crater. 265:37:31 at a velocity of 36,196.1 ft/sec, following a transearth coast of 65 The command module reentered Earths atmosphere (400,000 feet altitude) at Bypassing station seven to save time, they arrived at Station 8 on the lower flank of Stone Mountain, where they sampled material on a ray from South Ray crater for about an hour. arrived at station 10 (LM and ALSEP area), the surface activity was extended Apollo 14- Fra Maura Hills made of debris from Imbrium Basin impact and uncoverd by Cone crater impact. The launch vehicle stack, which had been rolled out from the Vehicle Assembly Building on December 13, 1971, was returned thereto on January 27, 1972. lunar orbit circularization maneuver. Sadly, David Scott and Jim Irwin did not reach St. George crater. ", "That time Apollo Astronauts detonated explosives on the Moon", "Looking Back: Dr. George Carruthers and Apollo 16 Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph", "Countdown Begins For Apollo 16 Moon Expedition", "Apollo 16: Day One Part Three: Second Earth Orbit and Translunar Injection", "Apollo 16: Day One Part Four: Transposition, Docking and Ejection", "Apollo 16: Day 1 Part 5: Settling into Translunar Coast", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part One Arrival at the Moon", "Apollo 16: Day Two Part Two: LM Entry and Checks", "Electrophoresis Demonstration on Apollo 16", "Apollo 16: Day Three Part One: ALFMED Experiment", "Apollo Light Flash Investigations (AP009)", "Apollo 16: Day Three Part Two: Lunar Module Activation and Checkout", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part Two; Lunar Orbit Insertion, Rev One and Rev Two", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part Three: Descent Orbit Insertion, Revs Three to Nine", "Apollo 16: Day Five Part Two: Lunar Module Undocking and Descent Preparation; Revs 11 and 12", "Experiment Operations During Apollo EVAs", Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, "Apollo 15 Mission Summary: Mountains of the Moon", "Geology Station 4 at the Stone Mountain Cincos", "Day Five Part Five Clearance for PDI Again and Landing, Revs 15 and 16", "Apollo 16: Day 9 Part 2 LM Jettison and Trans Earth Injection", "Apollo 16, Day 10 Part 2 EVA and Housekeeping", "Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device (MEED)", "Apollo 16: Day 11 Part One: Geology, Experiments and Guidance Fault Investigation", "Apollo 16: Day 11 Part Two: Press Conference, Experiments and House-Keeping", "Apollo 16: Day 12 Entry and Splashdown", "Biographical Data: Thomas K. Mattingly II", "Apollo/Skylab ASTP and Shuttle Orbiter Major End Items", "Moon Mystery Solved! deorbit, it was not possible to activate the subsatellite until 20 hours after continued on a revised time line. [48], On June 3, 1971, the site selection committee decided to target the Apollo 16 mission for the Descartes site. The service [48], After the selection, mission planners made the Descartes and Cayley formations, two geologic units of the lunar highlands, the primary sampling interest of the mission. total distance traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 14.5 n mi (26.9 km), He retired from NASA in 2004. Using two different sizes of polystyrene particles, one size colored red and one blue, separation of the two types via electrophoresis was achieved, though electro-osmosis in the experiment equipment prevented the clear separation of two particle bands. Following the LM inspection, the crew reviewed checklists and procedures for the following days in anticipation of their arrival and the Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) burn. The Apollo 15 Lunar Module . The systems were found to be functioning as expected. relay when exiting the IMU alignment program. They hoped scientific output from the Apollo 16 mission would provide an answer. The SM scientific instrumentation module door was jettisoned did apollo 16 visit st george crater. [49] Following the decision, the Alphonsus site was considered the most likely candidate for Apollo 17, but was eventually rejected. Shadow Rock, a large boulder about 0.8 kilometer south of the rim of North Ray Crater. The following conclusions were made from an analysis of television picture, the source of the particles appeared to be a growth of The first Apollo 15 EVA took astronauts David Scott and James Irving southward along the edge of Hadley Rille and to the base of Mt. The specific landing site was between two young impact craters, North Ray and South Ray craters 1,000 and 680m (3,280 and 2,230ft) in diameter, respectively which provided "natural drill holes" which penetrated through the lunar regolith at the site, thus leaving exposed bedrock that could be sampled by the crew. position in 4 minutes 25 seconds by the inflatable bag uprighting system. Forty-six persons suspected of inhaling toxic fumes were After 5 hours 45 minutes, tests and analyses showed that the system was still extravehicular activities for 10 hours 1 minute, and the collected samples The third Collections curated at the NASA Astromaterials Acquisitions and Curation Department include Antarctic Meteorites, Moon Rocks from the Apollo . He retired from NASA in 2004 inflatable bag uprighting system boom that extended the mass spectrometer in the in... 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Launch Complex 39 at Kennedy space Center in Florida David Scott and Jim Irwin not...
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